1933, "The civil and political history of the state of Tennessee from its earliest settlement up to the year 1796, including the boundaries of the state", NPR Interview with Michael Toomey of the East Tennessee Historical Society, Gulf Stream exploration, naming, and chart, President, Pennsylvania Abolition Society, "Advice to a Friend on Choosing a Mistress" (1745), Proposed alliance with the Iroquois (1775), Benjamin Franklin Institute of Technology, Benjamin Franklin Drawing Electricity from the Sky, Cities, counties, schools named for Franklin, With Davy Crockett at the Fall of the Alamo, Riders in the Sky Present: Davy Crockett, King of the Wild Frontier, Republic / Organized, extralegal territory, The alternative-history short story "Assault on Fat Mountain" by, The State of Franklin was featured in the. Today, the shoals are protected as a National Historic Landmark and are maintained as part of Sycamore Shoals State Historic Park. Franklin got 7 -- those being Connecticut, Rhode Island, From that point on, the State of Franklin deteriorated This page The state of Franklin was never admitted to the union; it only existed for four and half years before North Carolina reassumed control of the ceded land. in annexation from the Spanish governor at New Orleans. [7] Barter became the economic system de jure , with anything in common use among the people allowed in payment to settle debts, including corn, tobacco, apple brandy, and skins. When the settlement's application to be united with Virginia was denied, they asked North Carolina to annex the settlement, which occurred in November, 1776. Sevier was elected in 1790 to the US Congress to represent the territory, and became Tennessee's first governor, in 1796. Franklin would come within six votes of being the 14th state in the Union. According to the boundaries established at All citizens were granted a two-year reprieve on paying taxes, but the lack of hard currency and economic infrastructure slowed development and often created confusion. John Tipton was an American frontiersman and statesman who was active in the early development of the state of Tennessee. In addition, the assembly elected members of the Council of State. In February 1789, [13] Sevier, and the last holdouts of the "Lost State," swore oaths of allegiance to North Carolina after turning themselves in. By 1788, the state of Franklin’s residents grew weary of independence and a year later, North Carolina took back the state of Franklin, turning it over to the federal government as part of the new Southwest Territory. It was founded with the intent of becoming the fourteenth state of the new United States. On February 27, Governor Sevier arrived at the Tipton house leading a force numbering more than 100 men. Realizing the land could not at that time be used for its intended purpose of paying the debts of Congress and weighing the perceived economic loss of potential real estate opportunities, it rescinded the offer of cession and re-asserted its claim to the remote western district. In late March 1788, the Chickamauga, Chickasaw and other tribes collectively began to attack American frontier settlements in Franklin. In 1786, Samuel Wear helped negotiate the competing Treaty of Coyatee on behalf of the State of Franklin. The assembly consisted of the 120 members of the North Carolina House of Commons and 50 senators of North Carolina Senate elected by the voters in April 1784. The Failed State of Franklin. William Cocke, one of the authors of the Franklin's first capital was Jonesborough. One of these, a struggling line of fortified stations along the Cumberland River, dealt with a constant threat of Indian attacks. cede all of its territory west of the Appalachian Franklin opened courts, incorporated and annexed five new counties (see map below), and fixed taxes and officers' salaries. Caswell and Wayne. The Washington District of North Carolina was in a remote area west of the Appalachian Mountains, officially existing for only a short period, although it had been self-proclaimed and functioning as an independent governing entity since the spring of 1775. Opposed to any foreign nation gaining a foothold in Franklin, North Carolina officials arrested Sevier in August 1788. But in the end, the leaders of Franklin decided to rejoin North Carolina in 1789. The new state of Tennessee was met with huge challenges from the strong political eastern area of former Franklin. The Southwest Territory was created by the Southwest Ordinance from lands of the Washington District that had been ceded to the U.S. federal government by North Carolina. Franklin after America's elder statesman Benjamin On August 23, 1784, delegates from the North Carolina counties of Washington (which at the time included present-day Carter County), Sullivan, Spencer (now Hawkins County) and Greene—all of which are in present-day Tennessee—convened in the town of Jonesborough. Caruso, John A (1959). The term "overmountain" arose because their settlements were west of, or "over", the Appalachians, which was the primary geographical boundary dividing the 13 American colonies from the western frontier. Sevier County. Both North Carolina and the Federal (Confederation) government supported the Cherokee claims as set forth in the Treaty of Hopewell, and considered settlers in the area "squatters". The federal government Along with the historic shoals, the park includes a visitor center and museum, the reconstructed Fort Watauga, the Carter Mansion and Sabine Hill . (Sevier was often paid in deer hides.) On May 16, 1785, Cocke made his presentation to Coyattee re-affirmed the 1785 Treaty of Dumplin which the republic had secured from the Cherokee, and which Dragging Canoe's Chickamauga faction had refused to recognize. There, three county governments and several thriving towns served the needs of perhaps … The town was the capital of the short-lived State of Franklin in the 18th-century history of East Tennessee. Benjamin [1] They believed the Overmountain towns should be admitted to the United States as a separate state. On May 16, 1785, a delegation submitted a petition for statehood to the then-Continental Congress. [9], The Lesser Franklin government finally ended in 1791, when Governor William Blount, of the newly formed Southwest Territory, met the Cherokee chieftains on the site of the future Knoxville, and they made the Treaty of Holston. realized in 1796, when the North Carolina cession, with According to the boundaries established at Hopewell, the town of Greeneville, capital of the State of Franklin, was located well … leaders took the oath of allegiance to North Carolina. way. It is "Tennessee's oldest town". [21]. This way, variations in existing state law do not complicate the theoretical legal issues arising from the property disputes. Franklin. Morganton for trial. Throughout the first half of the 19th century, East Tennessee was frequently at odds with Tennessee's two other grand divisions, Middle Tennessee and West Tennessee. Jonesborough is a town in, and the county seat of, Washington County, Tennessee, in the southeastern United States. however, and a newly elected North Carolina Legislature As Europeans began settling the Trans-Appalachian frontier, the shoals proved strategic militarily, as well as shaped the economies of Tennessee and Kentucky. The North Carolina lawmakers ordered judges to hold court in the western counties and arranged to enroll a brigade of soldiers for defense, appointing John Sevier to form it. Eventually, seven states voted to admit what would have been the 14th federal state under the proposed name of Frankland. Franklin. Efforts to infringe on Indian lands were frustrated by the federal government's … Jonathan Pugh, the North Carolina sheriff of Washington County, was ordered by the county court to seize any property of Sevier's to settle tax debts North Carolina contended were owed to them. Richard Henderson and Daniel Boone negotiated the Treaty of Sycamore Shoals in 1775, which saw the sale of millions of acres of Cherokee lands in Kentucky and Tennessee and led to the building of the Wilderness Road. While the fighting stretched across the entire period, there were extended periods with of little or no action. When the Traversing the Pisgah National Forest and the Cherokee National Forest in the Blue Ridge Mountains, the river's watershed is home to some of the highest mountains in the Appalachians, including Mount Mitchell in North Carolina, the highest point in the eastern United States. United States met with the Cherokee at Hopewell in The Territory South of the River Ohio, more commonly known as the Southwest Territory, was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from May 26, 1790, until June 1, 1796, when it was admitted to the United States as the State of Tennessee. In 1787, the "Franklinites" continued to expand their territory westward toward the Cumberland Mountains by forcibly seizing land from the Native American populations. But being in Europe when your State was formed, I am too little acquainted with the circumstances to be able to offer you anything just now that may be of importance since everything material that regards your welfare will doubtless have occurred to yourselves. claimed the entire region between the French Broad and When the United States met with the Cherokee at Hopewell in November, it completely ignored the Dumplin Creek negotiations. The cities of Gatlinburg, Pigeon Forge, and Sevierville are some of the most beloved destinations in the state of Tennessee. An early companion of explorer Daniel Boone, Robertson helped establish the Watauga Association in the early 1770s, and to defend Fort Watauga from an attack by Cherokee in 1776. Statehood was eventually Upon viewing these actions, North Carolina began to take back control of the western counties but with little protection or guidance for the families. Sevier's followers arrived a few days later to rescue After the summer of 1785, the government of Franklin (which was by then based in Greeneville), ruled as a "parallel government" running alongside (but not harmoniously with) a re-established North Carolina bureaucracy. Fort Watauga, more properly Fort Caswell, was an American Revolutionary War fort that once stood at the Sycamore Shoals of the Watauga River in what is now Elizabethton, Tennessee. He served in the legislatures of Virginia, North Carolina, the Southwest Territory, and Tennessee, and was a delegate to Tennessee's 1796 constitutional convention. Division remained visible for many years. Henry stopped Campbell, Sevier and his followers renamed their proposed state Franklin and sought support for their cause from Benjamin Franklin. [13] North Carolina sent their militia to aid in driving out the Cherokee and Chickasaw. The State of Franklin included the Holston and Watauga settlement and it originated on August 23, 1784 at Jonesborough. In the early 1840s, several East Tennessee leaders, among them Congressman (and future President) Andrew Johnson, led a movement to form a separate state in East Tennessee known as "Frankland." [9] The Cherokee did not formally relinquish their claim to this territory to the U.S. until the July 1791 Treaty of Holston [10] and even then, hostilities continued in the area for years afterward. [9]. reluctant to accept responsibility for what was then New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Tennessee's first attempt at statehood. Mountains to the United States. A History of the State of Franklin: A short-lived attempt to create a new state in the trans-Appalachian settlement of present-day East Tennessee, the State of Franklin arose from the general unsettled state of national, regional, and local politics at the end of the American Revolution. The Cherokee claim to sovereignty over much of the area of southern Franklin, though already occupied by whites, was maintained at the 1785 Treaty of Hopewell with the Federal government. [2] [ page needed ], A few months later, a newly elected North Carolina Legislature reevaluated the situation. [3] [ page needed ] Greeneville was declared the new capital. The North Carolina cession to the federal government had a stipulation that Congress would have to accept responsibility for the area within two years, which, for various reasons, it was reluctant to do. The alleged capital cities of the never-admitted “State of Franklin” were first Jonesborough (1784-1785) and then Greeneville (1785-1788). Founded in 1784 with the intent of becoming the 14th state of the new United States, the State of Franklin was located in what is now Eastern Tennessee. Greene counties) met in Jonesborough and signed a Soon thereafter, North Carolina once again ceded the area to the federal government to form the Southwest Territory, the precursor to the State of Tennessee. As historian Jason Farr writes, the separatist state, named after Ben Franklin, “was most interested in stability so they could secure land claims and gain commercial access to the Mississippi River.” Leaders like James White and Franklin Governor John … The population as of the 2010 census was 15,062. Sevier Most of the events took place in the Upper South. fledgling United States. The Nolichucky River is a 115-mile (185 km) river that flows through Western North Carolina and East Tennessee, in the southeastern United States. In December, elected representatives held a Samuel Wear was an American War of Independence soldier who fought at the Battle of Kings Mountain. [7]. ين ‎ Dawlat Filasá¹­Ä«n) by the United Nations and other entities, is a de jure sovereign state in Western Asia claiming the West Bank (bordering Israel and Jordan) and Gaza Strip (bordering Israel and Egypt) with Jerusalem as the designated capital, although its administrative center is currently located in Ramallah. In an attempt to curry favor for their cause, delegation leaders changed the "official" name of the area to Franklin (ostensibly after Benjamin Franklin). These developments were not welcomed by the frontiersmen, who had pushed even further westward, gaining a foothold on the western Cumberland River at Fort Nashborough (now Nashville), or the Overmountain Men, many of whom had settled in the area during the days of the old Watauga Republic. For over a thousand years before the arrival of European explorers, Sycamore Shoals and adjacent lands had been inhabited by Native Americans. Lost State of Franklin. sovereignty. He is best remembered for leading the opposition to the State of Franklin movement in the 1780s, as well as for his rivalry with Franklinite leader John Sevier. Admission for the State of Franklin Battle is $5 for adults and $2.50 for children 12 and under. In February 1789, Sevier and other Franklin In an attempt to regain the territory, the North Carolina government offered to wave all back-taxes for residents of Franklin if the self-declared republic would rejoin the state. On August 23, 1784, about 50 He served as a colonel of the Washington District Regiment in the Battle of Kings Mountain in 1780, and he commanded the frontier militia in dozens of battles against the Cherokee in the 1780s and 1790s. The Overmountain Men were American frontiersmen from west of the Appalachian Mountains who took part in the American Revolutionary War. [5], Leaders were duly elected. Carolina. (This community is now known as Knoxville.). inconclusive skirmish, it is now known as the Battle of Needing 9 affirmative votes, the state of back taxes, the Governor of Franklin responded by leading [4] [ page needed ] Inhabitants of the region feared that the cash-starved federal Congress might even be desperate enough to sell the frontier territory to a competing foreign power (such as France or Spain). was slow to accept responsibility for the territory, The September 1787 meeting of the Franklin legislature, however, was its last. TN.09- Identify reasons for the foundation and failure of the independent state of Franklin … [2] [ page needed ], Rapidly increasing dissatisfaction with North Carolina's governance led to the frontiersmen's calls to establish a separate, secure, and independent state. If history had gone just a little differently, however, all of these cities would belong to an entirely different state! The North Carolina capital was far away, and the government could not protect Tennesseans from American Indians. document declaring themselves independent from North later claimed they only agreed to permit white families The new legislature made peace treaties with the Native American tribes in the area (with few exceptions, the most notable being the Chickamauga Cherokee). 14 One of the leaders in the movement for the establishment of the state, William Cocke, wrote to Benjamin Franklin as follows: State of Franklin 15th June 1786 "Sir. He served as a brigadier general in the Southwest Territory militia in the early 1790s, and as an Indian Commissioner in later life. a short-lived Federal or foreign currencies were accepted. While the State of Franklin was only in existence for about 4 years, it continued to appear on maps for nearly 50 years after its dissolution. Archeological excavations have found Native Americans lived near the shoals since prehistoric times, and Cherokees gathered there. new Constitution, was appointed the task of going to The combined present-day (as of 2015 census) population of the counties that would have made up the State of Franklin is 540,000, which would have made the State about 40,000 people smaller than Wyoming, the current least-populous state. James Robertson was an American explorer, soldier and Indian agent, and one of the founding fathers of what became the State of Tennessee. The extra-legal state existed for only about four and a half years, ostensibly as a republic, after which North Carolina re-assumed full control of the area. The small state began its demise in 1786, with several key residents and supporters of Franklin withdrawing their support in favor of a newly re-interested North Carolina. Members are admitted free. Though this movement was unsuccessful, the idea that East Tennessee should be a separate state periodically resurfaced over the subsequent two decades. By convention, Blackacre is located in Acre County, Franklin. The most extreme As prescribed by the 1776 Constitution of North Carolina, the General Assembly elected Alexander Martin to continue as Governor of North Carolina. The delegates adopted a permanent constitution, known as the Holston Constitution, [7] which was modeled closely upon that of North Carolina. [3] [ page needed ], At the end of 1787, loyalties were divided among the area's residents and came to a head in early February 1788. The following month, the Franklin government convened to address their options and to replace the vacancy at Speaker of the House, to which position they elected Joseph Hardin. Franklin, still at odds with North Carolina over taxation, protection, and other issues, began operating as a de facto independent republic after the failed statehood attempt. The losers of the Battle of Franklin (1788) would later regain political power and rename Wayne County as Carter County (after the former State of Franklin Senate Speaker Landon Carter), and also rename Tiptonville as Elizabethton (after the wife of Landon Carter, Elizabeth Carter) when Tennessee was first admitted to the Union in 1796 and John Sevier became the first governor of Tennessee. Autoplay is paused. The population was 5,975 at the 2010 census. Afterward, the area continued to operate under tenets of the North Carolina state constitution. already living in the region to remain, Sevier and the Greeneville was made the permanent capital. The first permanent European settlers arrived in 1770, and established the Watauga Association—one of the first written constitutional governments west of the Appalachian Mountains—in 1772. The latter proposition finally prevailed, and it became the State of Franklin. STATE OF FRANKLIN RECORDS DIGITAL COLLECTION Created out of the political chaos on the frontier following the American Revolution, the state of Franklin was an attempt to bring stable government to the western country claimed by North Carolina. the various communities that had once formed the State of The original building was lost while in transport back from the Tennessee Centenniel and International Exposition in Nashville in 1897. Franklin, State of, government (1784-88) formed by the inhabitants of Washington, Sullivan, and Greene counties in present-day E Tennessee after North Carolina ceded (June, 1784) its western lands to the United States. North Carolina annexed the Watauga settlement area, by then known as the Washington District, in November 1776. The two rival administrations now competed side by side. persevered, forming a permanent capital (Greeneville) and a small army to Tipton's home in February 1788. After the dissolution of the State of Franklin in February 1789, continued support of the separate state movement was confined largely to Sevier County, specifically in the country south of the French Broad River. Franklin as its nucleus, became the state of Tennessee. Franklin, still at odds with North Carolina over taxation, protection, and other issues, began operating as a de facto independent republic after the failed statehood attempt. It really only created more chaos and conflict. He played a leading role in Tennessee's pre-statehood period, both militarily and politically, and he was elected the state's first governor in 1796. November, it completely ignored the Dumplin Creek The concept of a new western state came from Arthur Campbell of Washington County, Virginia and John Sevier. [11] [12]. Greeneville is a town in and the county seat of Greene County, Tennessee, United States. western lands to the federal government, and this time You're signed out. only one in a series of reversals for the Franklin Up Next. When Tipton persuaded a North Carolina William Blount was an American statesman and land speculator who signed the United States Constitution. With help from James White (who was later found to be a paid agent of Spain), he attempted to place Franklin under Spanish rule. The district was the bureaucratic successor to the Watauga Association, a group of Virginian settlers that colonized the area in 1769, originally believing themselves to be in trans-Appalachian Virginia territory. The town was the capital of the short-lived State of Franklin in the 18th-century history of East Tennessee. Congress acted promptly. [6] The constitution was defeated in referendum. This area included the site of Greenville, which was to be the capital of Franklin. This led to the formation of a "Lesser Franklin" government, with an Articles of Association similar to the earlier Watauga Constitution. About 21 miles (34 km) south of Nashville, it is one of the principal cities of the Nashville metropolitan area and Middle Tennessee.As of 2019, its estimated population was 83,097, and it is the seventh-largest city in Tennessee. After ten minutes of skirmishing, Sevier and his force withdrew to Jonesborough. frontier leaders (representing Washington, Sullivan, and Its county seat is Jonesborough. started in early 1786 which, by the end of its first year I will endeavor to inform myself more perfectly of your affairs by inquiry and searching the records of Congress and if anything should occur to me that I think may be useful to you, you shall hear from me thereupon. Although the Cherokee The land Franklin occupied was mostly the property of the Muskogee and Cherokee, writes Troxler, and as … Martinez: Well, it is a great piece of North Carolina history, and if you would like to read more about what was known as the State of Franklin, you can go to the Website of the North Carolina History Project — northcarolinahistory.org. The Overhill Cherokee now acknowledged the authority of the United States government, and ceded to the Federal government all of their lands south of the French Broad, almost as far as the Little Tennessee River.
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