Scullin was well received and made ground in these areas, as well as in rural districts to counteract the increasingly urban nature of Labor. The official Labor Party was reduced to a mere 14 seats (Lang Labor won another 4), and Lyons became Prime Minister. Crucially, it would be a House-only election as the 1925 Senate term had not expired. He was a political organizer and newspaper editor for the party, and was elected to the House of Representatives first in 1910 and then again in 1922 until 1949. It was named after Rt Hon James Scullin, Prime Minister of Australia from 1929 to 1932. Bedridden several times, Scullin tendered his resignation on 23 September 1935, citing a physical inability to continue as leader. Scullin handily won Labor preselection over several other candidates, and in February 1922 he took the seat at the ensuing by-election with more than three-quarters of the vote. Scullin was fiercely patriotic and critical of the war, particularly Britain's leadership of the dominions within it. Scullin became a respected elder voice within the party and leading authority on taxation and government finance, and would eventually play a significant role in reforming both when Labor returned to government in 1941. North. Cuts to pensions and the poor were particular hard of Scullin, and many core Labor supporters felt deeply betrayed by this compromise of society's most vulnerable groups. Scullin Life Expectancy What is the average Scullin lifespan? He and his paper became leading voices against conscription in Victoria during World War I, and a forceful intellectual contributor to the party during the Billy Hughes years. Although a race in which Labor had virtually no chance of winning, Scullin ran a spirited campaign and impressed those within the movement for his efforts. The East Sydney by-election saw Eddie Ward elected on a specifically pro-Lang platform, and the bitter campaign within the seat saw federal Labor and NSW Labor mutually expel each other from the party. James Henry Scullin (18 septembre 1876, Trawalla, Victoria – 28 janvier 1953, Melbourne, Victoria), est un homme d'État travailliste australien qui fut le 9 e Premier ministre d'Australie. [46] He was buried in the Catholic section of Melbourne General Cemetery. The average life expectancy for Scullin in 1947 was 68, and 75 in 2004. ", Roberts, Stephen H. "The Crisis in Australia: September, 1930-January, 1932.". The suburb is named after Prime Minister of Australia James Henry Scullin. Domestic confidence, and confidence in the British loan market, began to recover and default was averted. [38], Traumatic as it was, the government finally now was implementing an economic plan, and things began to improve. Scullin may refer to:. Having built a large and popular following among the public, Lyons and his ex-Labor followers joined the Nationalists and the followers of the erstwhile Hughes in United Australia Party, with Lyons becoming the new Leader of the Opposition. It was named after James Henry Scullin who was born in 1876 and passed away in 1953. [37], In March matters came to a head. [29], But the government's attention would soon shift to the economy. Members of the Legislative Council were to be elected for a term of 12 years, with 15 members (one quarter) retiring every 3 years. [11], On 11 November 1907 he married Sarah Maria McNamara, a dressmaker from Ballarat. However, he was given the office between Curtin and Treasurer Ben Chifley's, and his advice would have significant bearing upon the policy and political tactics of the Curtin government. He was also a skilled debater, participating in local competitions and having an association with the Ballarat South Street debating society for nearly 30 years, which would prove formative to his interest and talent in politics. In 1951, 114 manufacturers in Melbourne donated to a fund for Scullin's retirement. Between 1947 and 2004, in the United States, Scullin life expectancy was at its lowest point in 1951, and highest in 2001. Many, indeed the majority, of Irish clan surnames originate from what was usually a descriptive nickname for the originator or first chief of the clan, perhaps a … Combined with a mass loan conversion that would reduce the interest rates paid on government bonds by 22.5%, Australia now had a consensus as to how to reduce the annual deficit from some £41.08m to £14.65m. At the same time, the economy had continued to decline and unemployment had soared, with most of the government measures designed to combat the crisis still in limbo due to opposition either from the Senate or refusal of funding by the Commonwealth Bank. However his new proximity to the Federal parliament (still located in Melbourne) and representation of a safe seat afforded many more political opportunities and freedoms, and soon Scullin was a prominent figure on the Labor campaign trail and appearing at events around the country. He was then re-elected to Parliament in 1922 and became Prime Minister in 1929, he was then defeated in the 1931 election. [22] At the special Labor conference on conscription in 1916, Scullin moved for the expulsion of the conscriptionists, including Prime Minister Hughes and former prime minister Chris Watson. Scullin (/ ˈ s k ʌ l ɪ n /) is a residential suburb in the Belconnen district of Canberra, located within the Australian Capital Territory, Australia.The suburb is named after Prime Minister of Australia James Henry Scullin.It was gazetted on 6 June 1968. Scullin for the first time in Australian politics made heavy use of the radio to reach voters. The son of working-class Irish-immigrants, Scullin spent much of his early life as a laborer and grocer in Ballarat. He continued to be influential in fiscal and taxation matters, and the impact of his experience was still occasionally felt in Chifley-era legislation. Scullin's election promise of unemployment insurance was discussed in this period, but with dire predictions for government finance the promise was continually stalled. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This is a list of electoral results for the Division of Scullin (1955–69) in Australian federal elections from the division's creation in 1955 until its abolition in 1969. Australasian Political Science Association, 2008. There had been no half-Senate election in 1929, meaning that the Nationalist majority elected at the 1928 election was still in place. Just 9 months after the previous campaign, Australia was in campaign mode once more. In 1840 there were 7 Scullin families living in New York. Curtin became Prime Minister in 1941 after two independents joined Labor in voting down the government's budget. Although Labor came up well short of forming government, the campaign was viewed as a success and Scullin's reputation remained intact as leader. History/Trivia This electorate was first created in 1955 and is named after former Labor Leader James Scullin, who served as Prime Minister from 1929 until 1932 at the height of the great depression. Scullin also chose not to take residence in The Lodge, which had only been completed two years prior, citing its unnecessary extravagance and cost to the taxpayer. By the time of Scullin's resignation Australia's economy had recovered significantly and business confidence had returned to a large extent. Labor even managed to oust Bruce in his own seat. He accused the government of spending too much, borrowing too much from overseas sources, and not rectifying a worrying excess of imports over exports: a three-part recipe for disaster. The streets in the suburb of Scullin are named after aviators. The federal electorate of Scullin has an approximate area of 170 km². Thus began two-years of clashes between the government and its opponents, which would prove to be some of the most turbulent in Australian political history.[31]. Eltham. [3], The family moved to Mount Rowan, Ballarat in 1887, and the young James attended school at Mount Rowan State School until 12. [17] His campaign focused on increasing the powers of the Federal parliament and issues such as defending a white Australia, higher import duties and the introduction of a land tax. Lang felt threatened by the apparent success of the Premier's Plan though, and renewed talks of unity between the factions had appeared with the improvement of economic conditions. Scullin made major proposals to change the constitutional amendment process; expand Commonwealth powers over commerce, trade and industry; and to break apart the Commonwealth Bank to separate out its reserve bank and trading bank functions. Scullin at many points had stated his resolve to remain leader until such time that he could be sure he would not be succeeded by Lang forces at the federal level, but fate intervened and Scullin's health, always middling, declined significantly in 1935. He was an able debater and parliamentary performer, but also carved out a niche as a leading voice on several issues, particularly taxation and economic policy. MAP OF THE FEDERAL ELECTORAL DIVISION OF SCULLIN Y. ", This page was last edited on 10 February 2021, at 20:58. [33] What is more, the budget proved overly optimistic as Australian revenues continued to plunge and the deficit rose. To date, it is the last time that a sitting Australian government has been defeated after a single term.[40]. Created in 1955 and named after former Labor Leader James Scullin, Prime Minister 1929-32 during the height of the depression. [2] James was the fourth of eight children, and grew up in a tight-knit and devoutly Catholic home. Despite an admirable and vigorous term as opposition leader, Scullin's Labor gained just four seats and actually suffered a small swing against it, with Labor and the UAP losing ground to Lang Labor, which gained 5 seats on a swing of almost 4%. [5] In his mid-20s he attended night school, was a voracious reader and became somewhat of an autodidact. [8], Scullin became active in politics during his years in Ballarat, being influenced by the ideas of Tom Mann and the growing labour movement in Victoria, as were many of his later ministerial colleagues such as Frank Anstey, John Curtin and Frank Brennan. His father was a railway labourer, who emigrated to Australia in his 20s. The Scullin administration immediately rolled back several of the Bruce government's measures deemed to be anti-labor – including changes made to industrial arbitration and competition, and the immediate abolition of compulsory military training. Due to Scullin's frequent and often serious bouts of illness over his long career, Sarah served the role as her husband's protector and was a crucial source of support and care for her husband, particularly in his final years. The Division replaced the abolished Division of Darebin at the redistribution of 21 November 1968. After meeting with Scullin and state premiers, the 'Melbourne Agreement' was reluctantly struck in which further major spending cuts were agreed to, although opposed by a significant minority of Scullin's party.[35]. [13] She was frequently called to assist or stand in for her husband at social occasions when her husband's illness prevented him from attending personally. However he lived long enough to see many of his economic ideas vindicated by history, particularly inflationary financing, which was quite radical by the standards of his times but an accepted pillar of Keynesian economics adopted by Australia and most other Western governments in the late 1930s and 1940s. Share. Although disappointed with his own term of office, he nonetheless lived long enough to see many of his government's ideas implemented by subsequent governments before his death in 1953. Please refer to the Parliament of Australia website. Very unusually among Australian political spouses (and even more so during the period of her husband's career), Sarah would often attend parliamentary sessions, and would even be present during the debate and vote that brought her husband's government down.[15]. As a Labor Prime Minister, expectations ran high that Scullin would force the mine owners to submit to worker demands. During his years as an opposition backbencher, Scullin spoke frequently and passionately. The ensuing contest over the position of Deputy Leader saw Theodore denied once again in a close vote, foreshadowing some of the future controversy he would stir up within the party under Scullin.[27]. Jack Lang had won election as Premier of New South Wales and had become a leading alternative voice within Labor, advocating radical measures including repudiation of interest on debts to Britain and printing money to pay for public works programs to relieve unemployment and inflate the currency. Scullin, Australian Capital Territory, a suburb of Canberra, is named after him, as is the Division of Scullin, a House of Representatives electorate. You've only scratched the surface of Scullin family history. Scullin had defended his record in government throughout his later career, and took pride in having been Prime Minister in times which might have broken a lesser figure. 1929 was dogged by industrial disputes, the worst of which occurred within the waterfront, timber and coalmining sectors. Scullin was reduced to a minority government of just 35 members, depending on the Lang faction to stay in power. Tired of the infighting, he took little part in the renewed conciliation talks between the opposition party wings, which in the event failed to resolve the now entrenched divide between Lang and anti-Lang forces. Having not forgotten his advocacy of tariffs during their height of unpopularity in the depression, several companies went as far to state that Scullin's efforts had "commenced a new era in the secondary industry field in Australia" and that the success of Australia's wartime industry was due to Scullin's protection of industry during its most vulnerable period a decade earlier. Federal member for Corangamite, a rural electorate in Victoria's Western District. Indeed, John Maynard Keynes himself would state of Scullin's Premier's Plan which caused him so much woe and electoral unpopularity that it "saved the economic structure of Australia". However, the party had many diverse interests and factions within it, ranging from metropolitan socialist radicals to rural professional politicians. [17] In federal parliament, Scullin quickly earned a reputation as an impressive and formidable parliamentary debater. He contested Coranagmite unsuccessfully in 1913 and 1918. Three of the last four Commonwealth budgets had been in substantial arrears funded by overseas borrowing, and the value of Australian debt had been steadily declining in foreign markets. ", Richardson, Nick. Making matters worse, Theodore had become a fierce personal rival of Lang within the New South Wales branch, and his return as treasurer further isolated radical elements of the party. New York had the highest population of Scullin … Recorded as Scallan, Scallon, sometimes Scullin, and originally O' Scallan, this is an ancient Irish surname. The Bruce government struggled to manage these episodes – its proposal by referendum for greater Commonwealth industrial powers had been rejected in 1926. [7] Scullin was a devout Roman Catholic, a non-drinker and a non-smoker all his life. Despite his chaotic term of office, Scullin remained a leading figure in the Labor movement throughout his lifetime, and served as an éminence grise in various capacities for the party until his retirement in 1949. Robinson, Geoff. Curtin came to rely on Scullin greatly for his counsel. During these years Scullin was far quieter in the backbenches, only occasionally taking an active role in parliament, though still an active local member in his seat of Yarra. [14] She was an active member of the Labor Party herself, and would remain well-informed on politics. Labor was defeated in a massive landslide. As one Country Party parliamentarian observed, "the great burden that was imposed upon him then almost killed him". The Whitlam Government 1972–1975 by Gough Whitlam, Nick Richardson, "The 1931 Australian Federal Election—Radio Makes History. The proposal was a radical departure from one of the pillars of the so-called "Australian settlement", and several MPs, led by former PM Billy Hughes, ultimately voted against the government and forced Bruce to seek an additional mandate from the people, at the 1929 election. Boundary of Wattle Glen locality. Scullin, Australian Capital Territory, a suburb of Canberra; Division of Scullin, an electorate in the Australian House of Representatives; People with the surname Scullin:. Authorised by the Electoral Commissioner, Canberra, Party register, applications and decisions, Torres Strait Regional Authority elections, A4 map of the electoral division of Scullin (2018) [PDF 724KB], Map of the Division of Scullin (2018) [PDF 2.95MB]. ", Head, Brian. James attended the Trawalla State School from 1881 to 1887 and earned an early reputation as an active and quick-witted boy, though never physically robust. [41] Scullin won much praise for his performance as Opposition Leader, as he had before coming Prime Minister. Voluntary acceptance of lower bond rates on government debt had been extremely successful in a patriotic campaign, wool and wheat prices finally began to rise, and government finances at both Commonwealth and state level were largely under control by October. [30], Scullin's government faced significant limitations on its power to implement its response to the economic crisis. SCULLIN . In 1906, he unsuccessfully challenged Alfred Deakin for the Ballaarat seat, then in 1910 he won Corangamite, the coastal electorate on the western side of Melbourne. Watson briefly held the prime ministership and faced the electorate as leader of the ALP. [34] Gibson agreed, and as Chairman of the Commonwealth Bank Board had the power to deny the Australian government loans to finance the budget unless more cuts were made by both the national and state governments. For the previous electorate, see Division of Scullin (1955–1969). The Division replaced the Division of Darebin in 1968. Electorate: Scullin: Telephone: 132326: Fax: 02 6215 9948: Address: 10 Global Ave: ESSENDON FIELDS VIC 3041 : Postal Address: GPO BOX 9867: MELBOURNE VIC 3001 The belligerent actions of Japan in China, and then Germany in Europe, began to overtake the economy as the predominant concern of Australian politics. [28] Fighting on their home territory and in favour of what was a still popular status-quo in industrial relations law, Scullin and Labor romped home in the polls, winning 46 seats in the 75 seat chamber, the most they had ever won at the time. On the contrary, there was much disagreement with Scullin's parliamentary party as to how to respond to the crisis, and a great many were sympathetic to the then radical ideas of inflationary finance and other proto-Keynesian approaches. A "Grow More Wheat" campaign was launched in 1930 to encourage farmers to plant a record crop and attempt to improve Australia's serious trade deficit, although ultimately Scullin was unsuccessful in convincing the Senate or the Commonwealth Bank to support this program through price guarantees. Scullin's committee work shone out again in 1944, where he led the charge to change the tax code to operate on a pay-as-you-go basis, which was accepted and implemented by the Curtin Government. Shann, on which Scullin based many of his arguments. Furthermore, Scullin consoled himself with the fact that the Depression destroyed most of the political careers of those who occupied government through it – only one Australian premier won re-election from 1927 to 1935, and Scullin's foreign contemporaries Herbert Hoover (in the United States of America), Ramsay MacDonald (United Kingdom), Richard Bennett (Canada) and George Forbes (New Zealand) all suffered similarly devastating elections in the wake of the depression. At the same time unemployment had hit a record high of 14.6% in the March quarter of 1930. With chaos in Labor ranks and parliament facing a highly controversial plan for economic rehabilitation, the Opposition presented a motion of no confidence. [25] In March 1927 Scullin became the parliamentary ALP's deputy leader. Scullin was Prime Minister of Australia (1929–32) and a Member of the House of Representatives (1910–13 and 1922–49). Records may include photos, original documents, family history, relatives, specific dates, locations and full names. A Referendum was held on 13 May 1933 at which the electorate approved an elective Council based on the system of proportional representation. History has recorded that Scullin’s time in office – from October 1929 until December 1931 – was beset with difficulty. He soon proved to be a capable parliamentary debater. For supporting information, see Party codes, demographic ratings and seat status. Although arguably Theodore was the most competent man available to implement Scullin's economic program, Lyons and Fenton (as well as several others) were strongly opposed and resigned from the cabinet in protest. It is comprised of the suburbs of Diamond Creek, Epping, Hurstbridge, Lalor, Mill Park, Plenty, Watsonia North, Wattle Glen and Yarrambat plus parts of Bundoora, Greensborough, South Morang, Thomastown and Wollert. [6] He joined a number of societies and was active in the Australian Natives' Association and the Catholic Young Men's Society, eventually becoming president of the latter. Nationwide opinion was divided on the government plan, however many were extremely concerned about the prospect of excessive inflation should the government start printing money to pay its bills. Scullin's years following his term of government also proved fruitful – he exerted a surprising amount of influence over government policy as Opposition Leader. Plenty River eek Merri eek Merri Merri ebin eek ebin eek Diamond eek Plenty River. To the surprise of many observers, the Beasley group crossed the floor to join the Opposition, thereby defeating the government. Scullin took over the Treasury portfolio in the interim while Theodore went to Queensland to face charges, and was compelled to bring down the 1930 budget personally. In the heat of this crisis, matters were made worse still by Scullin's decision to travel to London to seek an emergency loan and to attend the Imperial Conference. [20] Although he was well regarded in his district and hard-working and ardent, it was not enough to shield him from Joseph Cook's resurgent and now united conservative forces in the election of 1913, and Scullin suffered the fate of many Labor members in rural districts at that year's election. The Seat of Scullin was first proclaimed in 1955. Eleven crucial victories were achieved by ten prime ministers who took their parties from opposition into government at an election: Fisher (1910, 1914), Cook (1913), Scullin (1929), Lyons (1931), Menzies (1949), Whitlam (1972), Hawke (1983), Howard (1996), Rudd (2007) and Abbott (2013). A series of speeches by Scullin that year on the Government's mishandling of the economy, and the generally dangerous trajectory of Commonwealth financial policy, predicted catastrophe. [39] The campaign was one of the shortest in history, but with open warfare between pro-Lang and pro-Scullin forces in Victoria and New South Wales, and much of the country still facing hardship and grievances against the government, a Labor defeat was virtually assured. Scullin's competence on financial matters proved useful to the government as well, and several of his suggestions from the opposition bench made their way into government legislation. Scullin took no portfolio nor played any part in military strategy or much of the overall war effort, except where finance was concerned. He also succeeded in having King George V appoint Sir Isaac Isaacs as the first Australian-born Governor-General, despite the King's personal opposition and the strong objections of both the British establishment and the conservative opposition in Australia, who attacked the appointment as tantamount to republicanism. Lang Labor subsequently forced a showdown with the Scullin government in November. [5] He was a campaigner and political organizer for the Australian Workers' Union, the union movement with which he would remain most closely associated throughout his career. Ultimately, Scullin and his Commonwealth supporters' implementation of the Premiers' Plan was too much of a betrayal for many to accept, and opposing Lang and Scullin Labor factions continued to plague NSW and Victorian state politics for years. However, Jack Lang rejected the plan, stating instead that Australia should default on its British debts until more equitable repayment terms were agreed to. Scullin Australian House of Representatives ... History . It was gazetted on 6 June 1968. Scullin was named after James Henry Scullin (1876-1953) who was Prime Minister from 1929 to 1931. It was named after Rt Hon James Scullin, Prime Minister of Australia from 1929 to 1932. This map has been compiled by Spatial Vision from data supplied by the Australian Electoral Commission, VIC-SCULLIN-2010 [10] He spoke often around Ballarat on political issues and helped with Labor campaigns at state and federal level. With debts rising and the ability to repay diminishing, Australia was faced with a seriously troubled financial outlook when Scullin took office. It has had three members since, all Labor. Under Curtin's leadership, most of the Lang Labor faction returned to the mainline Labor fold, though Lang and some supporters remained obdurate. Scullin (/ ˈskʌlɪn /) is a residential suburb in the Belconnen district of Canberra, located within the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. ", sfn error: no target: CITEREFCommonwealth_Parliamentary_Debates (, **Wilde, William H.; Hooton, Joy; and Andrews, Barry, CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, referendum for greater Commonwealth industrial powers, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "James Scullin, Prime Ministers of Australia", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Scullin&oldid=1006062535, Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Australia, Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Corangamite, Members of the Australian House of Representatives, Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Yarra, Australian members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom, Use Australian English from December 2012, All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English, Articles needing additional references from January 2018, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Cook, Peter. His grasp of economic and trade matters was still formidable, and on several matters he succeeded in forcing changes to government policy or banding with the Country Party to force amendments to government legislation. [1] His parents, John and Ann (née Logan) Scullin, were both Irish Catholics from County Londonderry. Scullin is a residential suburb in the Belconnen district of Canberra, located within the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. On the very day Scullin arrived in Canberra after the 1929 election, The Sydney Morning Herald announced large losses on Wall Street. In these years Scullin's renown increased considerably within the party and the nation at large. Appeals were made, both to the Australian public and on overseas markets, to bolster confidence and boost government bond subscriptions. [26], In March 1928, Matthew Charlton resigned as federal Labor leader and was replaced by Scullin in a unanimous motion, although some had their eye on newcomer Ted Theodore as a more promising replacement. James Scullin, the division's namesake. Party unity began to crumble, and the gulf between the moderate and radical wings of the party began to grow. Ill-health continued to return in bouts, but Scullin remained active if subdued in parliament after Curtin's death and Chifley's succession in 1945. Scullin markedly declined in vigor for his role as Opposition Leader after he was reconfirmed in it after the 1934 election. Scullin led Labor at the 1928 election. To Scullin's delight, rafts of social and economic policies, so long out of reach for Labor governments, finally became law during the wartime government. The AEC acknowledges the Traditional Owners of country throughout Australia and recognises their continuing connection to land, waters, culture and community. He became one of the leading lights of the parliamentary opposition, and was quickly elevated to the party executive in February 1923.[24]. The party was jubilant and Scullin enthusiastically accepted commission to become Prime Minister. The conservative Senate proved hostile to much of Labor's economic program. Scullin was a leading voice in caucus in support of the new PM, urging it to give Curtin the powers to run his own government without the caucus interference Scullin himself had so frequently fallen afoul of a decade earlier. Scullin was sympathetic, but refused to go beyond negotiations and inducements to end the disputes. La circonscription de Scullin est une circonscription électorale australienne située dans la banlieue nord de Melbourne au Victoria.Elle a été créée le 21 novembre 1968 et porte le nom de James Scullin qui fut le neuvième premier ministre d'Australie.Elle comprend les quartiers de Epping, Lalor, Mill Park, Plenty et Thomastown.
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