[151] Canada's annual average temperature over land has warmed by 1.7 °C (3.1 °F), with changes ranging from 1.1 to 2.3 °C (2.0 to 4.1 °F) in various regions, since 1948. [93] Canadian troops played important roles in many key battles of the war, including the failed 1942 Dieppe Raid, the Allied invasion of Italy, the Normandy landings, the Battle of Normandy, and the Battle of the Scheldt in 1944. [25] The characteristics of Indigenous societies included permanent settlements, agriculture, complex societal hierarchies, and trading networks. HOME. [51] Among the colonists of New France, Canadiens extensively settled the Saint Lawrence River valley and Acadians settled the present-day Maritimes, while fur traders and Catholic missionaries explored the Great Lakes, Hudson Bay, and the Mississippi watershed to Louisiana. All About Canada - Easy.pdf; All About Canada - Medium.pdf; All About Canada - Hard.pdf; More printables. [333] Canadian provinces and territories are responsible for education provision. [323] Canada has one of the highest rates of adult obesity among Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries attributing to approximately 2.7 million cases of diabetes (types 1 and 2 combined). Canada is a large country in the northern hemisphere. [174][175][176] The reigning monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who is also monarch of 15 other Commonwealth countries and each of Canada's 10 provinces. The border of Canada with the US is the longest bi-national land border in the world. [76] Between 1871 and 1896, almost one quarter of the Canadian population emigrated southwards, to the U.S.[77], To open the West and encourage European immigration, Parliament approved sponsoring the construction of three transcontinental railways (including the Canadian Pacific Railway), opening the prairies to settlement with the Dominion Lands Act, and establishing the North-West Mounted Police to assert its authority over this territory. The Northwest Territories is a federal territory of Canada. [360] Although more than 85 percent of French-speaking Canadians live in Quebec, there are substantial Francophone populations in New Brunswick, Alberta, and Manitoba; Ontario has the largest French-speaking population outside Quebec. You will not receive a reply. [271] As of 2020[update], the country has produced fifteen Nobel laureates in physics, chemistry, and medicine,[272] and was ranked fourth worldwide for scientific research quality in a major 2012 survey of international scientists. The Canadian Shield, a hilly region of lakes and swamps, stretches across northern Canada and has some of the oldest rocks on Earth. [152] In the southern regions of Canada, air pollution from both Canada and the United States—caused by metal smelting, burning coal to power utilities, and vehicle emissions—has resulted in acid rain, which has severely impacted waterways, forest growth and agricultural productivity in Canada. [255], Since the early 20th century, the growth of Canada's manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy to an urbanized, industrial one. It is also the world's longest unprotected border. [31] As a consequence of European colonization, the Indigenous population declined by forty to eighty percent, and several First Nations, such as the Beothuk, disappeared. The maple leaf is depicted on Canada's current and previous flags, and on the Arms of Canada. [265], Canada is one of the few developed nations that are net exporters of energy. [331] Education is within provincial jurisdiction and the curriculum is overseen by the province. [228], In 2001, Canada deployed troops to Afghanistan as part of the U.S. stabilization force and the UN-authorized, NATO-led International Security Assistance Force. [105][106] In 1999, Nunavut became Canada's third territory after a series of negotiations with the federal government. [407], Canada's national symbols are influenced by natural, historical, and Indigenous sources. [82] The Indigenous peoples saw widespread famine and disease due to the loss of the bison and their traditional hunting lands [83] The federal government did provide emergency relief, on condition of the Indigenous peoples moving to the reserves. Manitoulin Island, in Lake Huron, is the world’s largest island surrounded by freshwater. [133], Canada is divided into fifteen terrestrial and five marine ecozones. Economic nationalism and family controlled pyramidal groups in Canada", "Mapping Canada's Top Manufacturing Industries", "The Daily – Spending on research and development, 2018 intentions", "Canadian Nobel Prize in Science Laureates", "Canada ranked fourth in the world for scientific research", "Internet Usage and Population in North America", "2005 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award", "Top ten Canadian scientific achievements", "James Hillier, 91, Dies; Co-Developed Electron Microscope", "An overview of Canadian space robotics activities", "The Canadian Aerospace Industry praises the federal government for recognizing Space as a strategic capability for Canada", "Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver now home to one-third of Canadians: census", "2016 Census: Population and dwelling counts", "Canada's population grew 1.7M in 5 years, latest census shows", "Energy Efficiency Trends in Canada, 1990 to 2008", "Immigrants Flock To Canada, While U.S. Declines", "Is Canada asking countries for a million immigrants? Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean on the east, North Pacific Ocean on the west, and the Arctic Ocean on the north, north of the conterminous US. Its southern and western border with the United States, stretching 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi), is the world's longest bi-national land border. [220] Canada also maintains historic ties to the United Kingdom and France and to other former British and French colonies through Canada's membership in the Commonwealth of Nations and the Francophonie. [18][19], In 1982, the passage of the Canada Act, bringing the Constitution of Canada fully under Canadian control, referred only to Canada, while later that year the name of the national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to Canada Day. [273] It is furthermore home to the headquarters of a number of global technology firms. [17] The government of Louis St. Laurent ended the practice of using Dominion in the statutes of Canada in 1951. ", "2019 Annual Report to Parliament on Immigration", "Canada now brings in more refugees than the U.S.", "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, 2011 and 2006 censuses", "Urban-rural population as a proportion of total population, Canada, provinces, territories and health regions", "The Daily — Families, households and marital status: Key results from the 2016 Census", "The Daily — 2011 National Household Survey: Homeownership and shelter costs in Canada", "Population and Dwelling Count Highlight Tables, 2016 Census", "2006 Census: Portrait of the Canadian Population in 2006, by Age and Sex", "Canadian Male and Female Life Expectancy Rates by Province and Territory", "Health Status of Canadians - How healthy are we? [94], Canada's strong attachment to the British Empire and Commonwealth led to major participation in British military efforts in the Second Boer War, World War I and World War II. [415] The Queen's image appears on $20 bank notes, and on the obverse of all current Canadian coins. [409] The Arms of Canada are closely modelled after the royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom with French and distinctive Canadian elements replacing or added to those derived from the British version. [227] Canada has since served in over 50 peacekeeping missions, including every UN peacekeeping effort until 1989,[87] and has since maintained forces in international missions in Rwanda, the former Yugoslavia, and elsewhere; Canada has sometimes faced controversy over its involvement in foreign countries, notably in the 1993 Somalia affair. [87] Canada provided asylum for the Dutch monarchy while that country was occupied and is credited by the Netherlands for major contributions to its liberation from Nazi Germany. Various Indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization. Did you know that it took 40 years for the Canadian parliament to … [315] Universal access to publicly funded health services "is often considered by Canadians as a fundamental value that ensures national health care insurance for everyone wherever they live in the country. [134] These ecozones encompass over 80,000 classified species of Canadian wildlife, with an equal number yet to be formally recognized or discovered. About 80 percent of the Canadian population lives within 93 miles (150 kilometers) of the southern U.S. border, and the three largest cities in Canada – Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver – are all located along this border. Peace came in 1815; no boundaries were changed. [418] Canada's ethnic and cultural diversity are reflected in its literature, with many of its most prominent modern writers focusing on ethnic life. [169][170] Far-right and far-left politics have never been a prominent force in Canadian society. [385] Islam is the largest non-Christian religion in Canada, constituting 3.2 percent of its population. [308], The majority of Canadians (67.7 percent) live in family households, 28.2 percent report living alone, and those living with unrelated persons reported at 4.1 percent. Another 22.3 percent of the population belonged to a non-Indigenous visible minority. [96] After two referendums, Newfoundlanders voted to join Canada in 1949 as a province. [436] Canada's official national sports are ice hockey and lacrosse. [405], Canada has a well-developed media sector, but its cultural output—particularly in English films, television shows, and magazines—is often overshadowed by imports from the United States. Canada also has a sizeable manufacturing sector centred in southern Ontario and Quebec, with automobiles and aeronautics representing particularly important industries. [72][73] Canada assumed control of Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory to form the Northwest Territories, where the Métis' grievances ignited the Red River Rebellion and the creation of the province of Manitoba in July 1870. (Russia is the largest) with an area of 9.985 million km² (6.204 million miles²). Canada's federal government has often been described as the instigator of multicultural ideology because of its public emphasis on the social importance of immigration. [396] Government policies such as publicly funded health care, higher taxation to redistribute wealth, the outlawing of capital punishment, strong efforts to eliminate poverty, strict gun control—alongside legislation with a social liberal attitude toward women's rights (like pregnancy termination), LGBTQ rights, assisted euthanasia and cannabis use—are indicators of Canada's political and cultural values. [334] Canada has a large number of Universities, almost all of which are publicly funded. [28], The Indigenous population at the time of the first European settlements is estimated to have been between 200,000[29] and two million,[30] with a figure of 500,000 accepted by Canada's Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples. [309] 6.3 percent of households are multigenerational with 34.7 percent of young adults aged 20 to 34 living with their parents. fifteen terrestrial and five marine ecozones, Lake Superior National Marine Conservation Area, Scott Islands Marine National Wildlife Area, minister of innovation, science and industry, constitutionally recognized rights to land, United Nations Conference on International Organization, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, National Shipbuilding Procurement Strategy, Canada – United States Free Trade Agreement, has one of the highest levels of Internet access in the world, Canadian Institute for Health Information, list of countries by total health expenditure per capita, Programme for International Student Assessment, Islam is the largest non-Christian religion in Canada, Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission, Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences, "2016 Census of Population—Ethnic Origin, Catalog no. [261] In the 1970s, concerns over energy self-sufficiency and foreign ownership in the manufacturing sectors prompted Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau's Liberal government to enact the National Energy Program (NEP) and the Foreign Investment Review Agency (FIRA). [397][398][399] Canadians also identify with the country's foreign aid policies, peacekeeping roles, the National park system and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. [13] Cartier later used the word Canada to refer not only to that particular village but to the entire area subject to Donnacona (the chief at Stadacona);[13] by 1545, European books and maps had begun referring to this small region along the Saint Lawrence River as Canada. [412] Material items such as Canadian beer, maple syrup, tuques, canoes, nanaimo bars, butter tarts and the Quebec dish of poutine are defined as uniquely Canadian. [183] The Prime Minister's Office (PMO) is thus one of the most powerful institutions in government, initiating most legislation for parliamentary approval and selecting for appointment by the Crown, besides the aforementioned, the governor general, lieutenant governors, senators, federal court judges, and heads of Crown corporations and government agencies. [406] As a result, the preservation of a distinctly Canadian culture is supported by federal government programs, laws, and institutions such as the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), the National Film Board of Canada (NFB), and the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC). [14] In 1791, the area became two British colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada collectively named the Canadas; until their union as the British Province of Canada in 1841. [243], The major difference between a Canadian province and a territory is that provinces receive their power and authority from the Constitution Act, 1867, whereas territorial governments have powers delegated to them by the Parliament of Canada. [91] In response to the downturn, the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) in Saskatchewan introduced many elements of a welfare state (as pioneered by Tommy Douglas) in the 1940s and 1950s. There's a service called "Cleaning for a Reason" in the U.S. and Canada that cleans the houses of women with cancer for free so they can focus on their health. The use of the maple leaf as a Canadian symbol dates to the early 18th century. Study for your citizenship test and learn about the rights and responsibilities of citizenship, Learn about what it's like to live in Canada and which resources are available to you to help you settle here, Travelling outside of Canada as a permanent resident. [89] The Military Service Act brought in compulsory military service, though it, coupled with disputes over French language schools outside Quebec, deeply alienated Francophone Canadians and temporarily split the Liberal Party. [218][219] Canada nevertheless has an independent foreign policy, most notably maintaining full relations with Cuba, and declining to officially participate in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. 4) Canada’s highest mountain is Mount Logan, 5,959 metres (19,551 ft) high. [38] However, from the late 18th century, European Canadians encouraged Indigenous peoples to assimilate into their own culture. This paved the way for British colonies on Vancouver Island (1849) and in British Columbia (1858). [297][298] The Canadian public, as well as the major political parties, support the current level of immigration. Canada is a country in the northern part of North America. [242] Together, the provinces collect more revenue than the federal government, an almost unique structure among federations in the world. Canada borders the Atlantic Ocean in the east, the Pacific Ocean in the west and the Arctic Ocean in the North. Canada has the fifth largest island in the world - Baffin Island, which is larger than all but two American states. Canadians celebrate this day with a lot of pomp and pageantry. [305] Canada spans latitudinally from the 83rd parallel north to the 41st parallel north, and approximately 95 percent of the population is found south of the 55th parallel north. [370], Canada is religiously diverse, encompassing a wide range of beliefs and customs. [439] Canadian teams in these leagues include seven franchises in the National Hockey League, as well as three Major League Soccer teams and one team in each of Major League Baseball and the National Basketball Association. [241] Provinces have more autonomy than territories, having responsibility for social programs such as health care, education, and welfare. [78][79] This period of westward expansion and nation building resulted in the displacement of many Indigenous peoples of the Canadian Prairies to "Indian reserves",[80] clearing the way for ethnic European block settlements. [332] Education in Canada is generally divided into primary education, followed by secondary education and post-secondary. [201] However, in most rural areas and some urban areas, policing responsibilities are contracted to the federal Royal Canadian Mounted Police. [44] No further European exploration occurred until 1497, when Italian seafarer John Cabot explored and claimed Canada's Atlantic coast in the name of King Henry VII of England. [253] The Toronto Stock Exchange is the ninth-largest stock exchange in the world by market capitalization, listing over 1,500 companies with a combined market capitalization of over US$2 trillion. [157] An emphasis on social justice has been a distinguishing element of Canada's political culture. Canada means 'village' or 'settlement' in Iroquois. [20] The Act of Union 1840 merged the Canadas into a united Province of Canada and responsible government was established for all provinces of British North America by 1849. [285] Canada was the third country to design and construct a satellite after the Soviet Union and the United States, with the 1962 Alouette 1 launch. All-Canada Show. [335] Established in 1663, Université Laval is the oldest post-secondary institution in Canada. [85], Because Britain still maintained control of Canada's foreign affairs under the British North America Act, 1867, its declaration of war in 1914 automatically brought Canada into World War I. [364] There are 11 Indigenous language groups, composed of more than 65 distinct languages and dialects. [278] Other major Canadian scientific contributions include the artificial cardiac pacemaker, mapping the visual cortex,[279][280] the development of the electron microscope,[281][282] plate tectonics, deep learning, multi-touch technology and the identification of the first black hole, Cygnus X-1. [289], The 2016 Canadian Census enumerated a total population of 35,151,728, an increase of around 5.0 percent over the 2011 figure. [291][292] Between 2011 and May 2016, Canada's population grew by 1.7 million people, with immigrants accounting for two-thirds of the increase. [353] The Indigenous population in Canada is growing at almost twice the national rate, and four percent of Canada's population claimed an Indigenous identity in 2006. [363], Other provinces have no official languages as such, but French is used as a language of instruction, in courts, and for other government services, in addition to English. Printable Word Searches: Check out our complete list of word search puzzles to download and print. [74] British Columbia and Vancouver Island (which had been united in 1866) joined the confederation in 1871 on the promise of a transcontinental railway extending to Victoria, B.C. Canada is bordered by non-contiguous US state of Alaska in the northwest and by 12 other US states in the south. [330], Education in Canada is for the most part provided publicly, funded and overseen by federal, provincial, and local governments. [87], The first Canadian Army units arrived in Britain in December 1939. The primary characteristics of Canadian humour are irony, parody, and satire. [404] Many Canadian comedians have achieved international success such as in the American television and film industries and are amongst the most recognized in the world. [153], Canada is described as a "full democracy",[154] with a tradition of liberalism,[155] and an egalitarian,[156] moderate political ideology. [330] Identified weaknesses of Canada's system were comparatively higher infant mortality rate, the prevalence of chronic conditions, long wait times, poor availability of after-hours care, and a lack of prescription drugs and dental coverage. [255] Canada's exports totalled over CA$585 billion, while its imported goods were worth over CA$607 billion, of which approximately CA$391 billion originated from the United States, CA$216 billion from non-U.S. From north to south it spans more than half the Northern Hemisphere. [3], Canada's culture draws influences from its broad range of constituent nationalities, and policies that promote a "just society" are constitutionally protected. Canada's capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Mon… The United States-Canadian border is the world's longest shared border. [317] This mostly goes towards services not covered or partially covered by Medicare, such as prescription drugs, dentistry and optometry. [309] 69.0 percent of households own their dwellings with 58.6 percent of those homes having an ongoing mortgage. [231] In September 2020, Canada joined the COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access (COVAX) program, which aims to ensure equal access to a potential COVID-19 vaccine for all member countries and to help lower-income countries secure doses. [204] Most notably, a series of eleven treaties known as the Numbered Treaties were signed between the Indigenous peoples and the reigning monarch of Canada between 1871 and 1921. [423] Thomson's career painting Canadian landscapes spanned a decade up to his death in 1917 at age 39. [23][24] The Paleo-Indian archeological sites at Old Crow Flats and Bluefish Caves are two of the oldest sites of human habitation in Canada. [262] In the 1980s, Prime Minister Brian Mulroney's Progressive Conservatives abolished the NEP and changed the name of FIRA to Investment Canada, to encourage foreign investment. [336] The largest university is the University of Toronto with over 85,000 students. PO Box 101 Black Creek, WI 54106 Phone 920-621-7874 Fax 920-376-9977 Email info@allcanada.com. [340] The country invests heavily in tertiary education (more than US$20,000 per student). www.allcanada.com Live, study and work part-time in Canada as an international student! [222] Since then, Canada has been an advocate for multilateralism, making efforts to resolve global issues in collaboration with other nations. The same poster in English, with subtle differences in text. [213], Canada was a founding member of the United Nations and has membership in the World Trade Organization, the G20 and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). [329] A comprehensive study from 2017 of the top 11 countries ranked Canada's health care system third-to-last. [40] A period of redress is underway, which started with the appointment of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada by the Government of Canada in 2008. [136] [189], The Bank of Canada is the central bank of the country. Informational (nonfiction), 294 words, Level J (Grade 1), Nonfiction Series, Lexile 550L Multilevel Book also available in levels S and X As the second-largest country in the world, Canada has much to explore. [257] However, Canada is unusual among developed countries in the importance of its primary sector, in which the forestry and petroleum industries are two of the most prominent components. "They serve France—How can I serve Canada? When flights got diverted or grounded during 9/11, Canada housed, fed, and sheltered over 33,000 passengers. [63] To accommodate the influx of English-speaking Loyalists in Central Canada, the Constitutional Act of 1791 divided the province of Canada into French-speaking Lower Canada (later Quebec) and English-speaking Upper Canada (later Ontario), granting each its own elected legislative assembly. [48][49], In 1583, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, by the royal prerogative of Queen Elizabeth I, founded St. John's, Newfoundland, as the first North American English seasonal camp. [121] The COVID-19 pandemic in Canada began on January 27, 2020 with wide social and economic disruption. Canada is the second-biggest country on earth, yet over 80 per cent of the country’s land is uninhabited, and most Canadians live clustered in a handful of large cities close to the U.S. border. [16] By the 1950s, the term Dominion of Canada was no longer used by the United Kingdom, which considered Canada a "Realm of the Commonwealth". [425] Associated with the Group was another prominent Canadian artist, Emily Carr, known for her landscapes and portrayals of the Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom. [229] In February 2007, Canada, Italy, the United Kingdom, Norway, and Russia announced their joint commitment to a $1.5-billion project to help develop vaccines for developing nations, and called on other countries to join them. [280][284], The Canadian Space Agency operates a highly active space program, conducting deep-space, planetary, and aviation research, and developing rockets and satellites. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}60°N 110°W / 60°N 110°W / 60; -110. [52] The Beaver Wars broke out in the mid-17th century over control of the North American fur trade. [173], Canada has a parliamentary system within the context of a constitutional monarchy—the monarchy of Canada being the foundation of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. [312][313] It is guided by the provisions of the Canada Health Act of 1984,[314] and is universal. [323] Four chronic diseases—cancer (leading cause of death), cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases and diabetes—account for 65 percent of deaths in Canada. [68] The Durham Report subsequently recommended responsible government and the assimilation of French Canadians into English culture. [303][304], Canada's population density, at 3.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (9.6/sq mi), is among the lowest in the world. Canada has no official church, and the government is officially committed to religious pluralism. [205] These treaties are agreements between the Canadian Crown-in-Council with the duty to consult and accommodate. [233] The unified Canadian Forces (CF) comprise the Canadian Army, Royal Canadian Navy, and Royal Canadian Air Force. [300] India, Philippines and China are the top three countries of origin for immigrants moving to Canada. [20], After the successful American War of Independence, the 1783 Treaty of Paris recognized the independence of the newly formed United States and set the terms of peace, ceding British North American territories south of the Great Lakes and east of the Mississippi River to the new country.
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